Electronic Dance Music (EDM) has been a driving force in the music industry for several decades now. From its humble beginnings to its current worldwide popularity, EDM has come a long way. The question on everyone’s mind is, when did EDM rise? In this article, we will explore the evolution of electronic dance music, taking a historical overview of its journey from the early days to the present. We will delve into the origins of EDM, its evolution, and the key events that shaped its trajectory. Get ready to discover the fascinating story behind the music that has captured the hearts of millions around the world.
The Origins of Electronic Music
The Emergence of Synthesizers
The development of electronic music can be traced back to the early 20th century, when composers and inventors began experimenting with technology to create new sounds. One of the most significant innovations in this period was the invention of the first electronic synthesizer, which was developed in the 1920s by Russian inventor Leon Theremin.
However, it was not until the 1960s that synthesizers became more widely available and accessible to musicians. One of the earliest and most influential synthesizers was the RCA Mark II, which was developed in the United States in the late 1950s. This synthesizer used a combination of voltage-controlled oscillators and filters to create a wide range of sounds, and it was used by many pioneering electronic music composers of the time.
During the 1970s, synthesizers became more popular and affordable, and they were used by a wide range of musicians and producers to create a variety of different styles of music. Some of the most famous synthesizers of this period include the Moog Modular, the Roland SH-101, and the Yamaha DX7. These synthesizers were used to create a wide range of sounds, from the futuristic and otherworldly to the more traditional and organ-like.
In the 1980s, synthesizers continued to evolve and improve, and they played a central role in the development of many different styles of electronic music, including techno, house, and electro. In particular, the rise of digital synthesizers, such as the Roland DX7 and the Yamaha DX100, allowed for greater flexibility and control over sound design, and they were used by many of the leading electronic music producers of the time.
Today, synthesizers continue to be an essential tool for electronic music producers, and they have been used to create a wide range of different styles, from ambient and experimental to more commercial and pop-oriented music. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that synthesizers will continue to evolve and play a central role in the development of electronic music in the years to come.
Early Pioneers of Electronic Music
In the early 20th century, a small group of visionary composers and inventors began experimenting with electronically generated sounds. These pioneers, such as Joseph Schillinger, Leon Theremin, and Walter Carpenter, laid the groundwork for the development of electronic music as we know it today.
Joseph Schillinger
Joseph Schillinger, an American composer and inventor, was one of the first to explore the possibilities of electronic music. In the 1920s, he developed the “rhythmicon,” an early electronic drum machine that could produce a variety of rhythmic patterns. Schillinger’s work with the rhythmicon was influential in the development of early electronic dance music, and his ideas continue to influence electronic music producers today.
Leon Theremin
Leon Theremin, a Russian inventor, is best known for his invention of the theremin, an early electronic musical instrument. The theremin uses electromagnetic fields to generate sounds, and it was one of the first instruments to be used in the production of electronic music. Theremin’s invention inspired a generation of electronic music pioneers, and his work continues to influence electronic music producers today.
Walter Carpenter
Walter Carpenter, an American composer and inventor, was another early pioneer of electronic music. In the 1930s, he developed the “trautonium,” an early synthesizer that used vacuum tubes to generate electronic sounds. Carpenter’s work with the trautonium was influential in the development of early electronic dance music, and his ideas continue to influence electronic music producers today.
These early pioneers of electronic music laid the groundwork for the development of electronic dance music as we know it today. Their innovative work with electronic instruments and technology paved the way for a new era of music production, and their legacy continues to inspire electronic music producers and artists around the world.
The Rise of EDM: The 1980s and 1990s
The Birth of Techno and House Music
The Origins of Techno and House Music
The birth of Techno and House Music can be traced back to the 1980s, where a new sound emerged from the underground club scene in Detroit, Michigan. This new sound was characterized by the use of synthesizers, drum machines, and other electronic instruments, which were used to create a unique and futuristic sound that was different from anything that had come before it.
The Influence of Detroit Techno
The sound that emerged from Detroit in the early 1980s would come to be known as “Detroit Techno.” It was a new and exciting sound that was created by a small group of artists who were experimenting with electronic instruments and using them to create a new form of music. These artists, including Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, were influenced by the sounds of Kraftwerk and other German electronic bands, as well as the sounds of Chicago house music.
The Growth of House Music
House music, which originated in Chicago in the early 1980s, was also a key influence on the development of Techno music. House music was created by DJs who were experimenting with different sounds and mixing different genres of music together. This new sound was characterized by a heavy beat and a four-on-the-floor rhythm, which became the foundation for much of the music that was produced in the following decades.
The Emergence of Techno as a Global Phenomenon
Techno and House music quickly gained popularity in the 1980s, and by the 1990s, they had become a global phenomenon. The rise of Techno and House music was fueled by the growth of raving and club culture, as well as the development of new technologies such as the internet and digital audio workstations (DAWs). These technologies made it easier for artists to produce and distribute their music, and they helped to spread the sound of Techno and House music around the world.
The Legacy of Techno and House Music
The legacy of Techno and House music can be seen in the countless artists and genres that have emerged in the decades since their inception. From the hard-hitting beats of Hardstep and Dubstep to the melodic sounds of Trance and Progressive House, the influence of Techno and House music can be heard in almost every genre of electronic music today. The birth of Techno and House music marked a turning point in the evolution of electronic dance music, and their impact can still be felt today.
The Impact of Raving and Rave Culture
The Origins of Raving and Rave Culture
Raving and rave culture emerged in the late 1980s as a response to the limitations of traditional nightclubs and the growing interest in electronic music. Raves were often held in abandoned warehouses, factories, and other non-traditional venues, and were characterized by their all-night dance parties, eclectic music, and free-spirited atmosphere.
The Culture of Raving
Raving was more than just a dance party; it was a subculture that celebrated individuality, freedom, and creativity. Rave culture embraced a DIY ethos, with participants creating their own music, art, and fashion. Raves were also a place for people to express themselves without fear of judgment, and they provided a sense of community and belonging for those who felt marginalized by mainstream society.
The Evolution of Rave Culture
As raving gained popularity in the early 1990s, it began to attract mainstream attention, leading to increased scrutiny from law enforcement and the media. However, this also led to the rise of larger, more commercialized raves, and the emergence of new electronic music genres such as techno, trance, and hardstep. Rave culture continued to evolve throughout the 1990s, with the rise of online communities and the development of new technologies such as MP3 players and digital DJing.
The Legacy of Raving and Rave Culture
The impact of raving and rave culture on electronic dance music cannot be overstated. Raves provided a space for electronic music to be explored and experimented with, and they helped to create a sense of community and identity around the music. The DIY ethos of rave culture also inspired a generation of producers and DJs to create their own music and to push the boundaries of electronic music. Today, the influence of raving and rave culture can be seen in the diverse and vibrant global electronic music scene, and it continues to inspire new generations of music lovers and creators.
The Mainstreaming of EDM: The 2000s and Beyond
The DJ as the New Rock Star
With the rise of digital technology and the internet, electronic dance music (EDM) experienced a significant shift in the 2000s. The decade saw the emergence of a new breed of musical artists – DJs. They were no longer simply background music providers but became the center of attention, with their mixes and performances taking center stage. The DJ had evolved into the new rock star, with their unique sound and style making them a cultural phenomenon.
One of the main reasons for this shift was the growing accessibility of music technology. The rise of digital audio workstations (DAWs) such as Ableton Live and Logic Pro made it easier for DJs to produce and record their own music. This democratization of music production led to a proliferation of new DJs and producers, each with their own unique sound and style.
The rise of the DJ as the new rock star was also fueled by the emergence of music streaming platforms like Spotify and YouTube. These platforms allowed DJs to reach a global audience, giving them the power to create a community of fans around their music. This led to the rise of the “superstar DJ,” with artists like Calvin Harris and David Guetta becoming household names.
Moreover, the DJ as the new rock star was also influenced by the rise of EDM festivals. Festivals like Tomorrowland and Coachella brought together DJs and fans from all over the world, creating a sense of community and a shared experience. The DJs’ performances at these festivals became theatrical spectacles, with elaborate stage productions and light shows that further cemented their status as the new rock stars.
However, the rise of the DJ as the new rock star was not without controversy. Some critics argued that the focus on the DJ as a performer rather than a music creator led to a homogenization of EDM. Many DJs were accused of relying too heavily on pre-recorded tracks rather than creating original music.
Despite these criticisms, the DJ as the new rock star remained a significant cultural phenomenon. They continued to influence the sound and style of EDM, and their performances continued to captivate audiences around the world. As the music industry evolved, so too did the role of the DJ, solidifying their place as a driving force in the world of electronic dance music.
The Proliferation of Music Festivals
The Rise of Music Festivals as Cultural Events
The 2000s witnessed a significant shift in the perception of electronic dance music (EDM) and its cultural significance. As EDM became more mainstream, it began to attract larger audiences and gain broader acceptance. This led to the proliferation of music festivals dedicated to electronic music, which transformed into cultural events that attracted not only music enthusiasts but also a wider audience seeking unique experiences.
The Growth of Music Festivals as Commercial Ventures
The proliferation of music festivals dedicated to electronic music also coincided with their transformation into commercial ventures. With the rise of larger festivals such as Tomorrowland, Coachella, and Ultra, electronic music festivals began to offer a range of experiences beyond just live music performances. These festivals included immersive stage designs, elaborate lighting and sound systems, and a variety of ancillary activities that appealed to a broader audience.
The Emergence of Regional and Niche Festivals
In addition to the larger, commercial festivals, the 2000s also saw the emergence of regional and niche festivals dedicated to specific genres or subcultures within electronic music. These festivals provided a platform for local and emerging artists to showcase their work and connect with fans in a more intimate setting. This allowed for the growth and development of electronic music scenes in various regions and contributed to the diversification of the genre.
The Impact of Music Festivals on the EDM Industry
The proliferation of music festivals dedicated to electronic music had a significant impact on the industry. It not only provided a platform for emerging artists to gain exposure and build their careers but also contributed to the growth and diversification of the genre. Furthermore, the commercial success of these festivals led to increased investment in the industry, paving the way for the continued evolution and expansion of electronic music.
Regional Variations and Subgenres
European Techno and the German Scene
The evolution of electronic dance music (EDM) in Europe was characterized by a diverse range of regional variations and subgenres. One of the most influential and significant scenes emerged in Germany, where the term “techno” was first coined and a distinct sound took shape.
In the early 1980s, the German electronic music scene began to take form, with artists such as Kraftwerk and Tangerine Dream paving the way for a new generation of producers. These pioneers experimented with synthesizers, drum machines, and other electronic instruments, creating a futuristic and often experimental sound that would come to define the techno genre.
One of the key figures in the development of European techno was Detroit-born producer Juan Atkins, who moved to Germany in the early 1990s and became a central figure in the Berlin scene. Atkins, along with fellow producers Moritz von Oswald and Thomas Feelman, formed the group Basic Channel, which released a series of influential techno records that helped to shape the sound of the genre.
The German techno scene was characterized by a focus on minimalism and a love of repetition, with producers using simple, often mechanical sounds to create hypnotic and mesmerizing tracks. This aesthetic was reflected in the warehouses and abandoned factories that served as venues for early techno parties, where DJs would play long, all-night sets that blurred the boundaries between music and noise.
As the popularity of techno grew, so too did the diversity of the scene, with subgenres emerging that drew on a range of influences and styles. One of the most significant of these was hardstep, a darker, more aggressive form of techno that emerged in the mid-1990s and incorporated elements of hardstep, hardstep, and hardstep. Other subgenres included ambient techno, which emphasized atmospheric textures and soundscapes, and experimental techno, which pushed the boundaries of the genre with its use of unconventional sounds and techniques.
Despite the many regional variations and subgenres, European techno remained united by a shared sense of experimentation and a commitment to pushing the boundaries of electronic music. This spirit of innovation and creativity continues to drive the evolution of EDM today, as producers around the world draw on the rich history and diverse influences of the genre to create new and exciting sounds.
U.S. Hip-Hop and Electronic Fusion
In the 1970s, electronic music and hip-hop emerged as distinct genres, but their convergence would not occur until the late 1980s. Early hip-hop was heavily influenced by funk and disco, with DJs using turntables to create beats and manipulate sounds. In the early 1980s, electro emerged as a fusion of electronic music and hip-hop, with producers like Afrika Bambaataa and Man Parrish incorporating synthesizers and drum machines into their productions.
During the mid-1980s, the popularity of electro led to the rise of electro-funk and freestyle, which blended elements of disco, funk, and Latin music with electronic beats. However, it was the emergence of sampling technology in the late 1980s that allowed for the widespread incorporation of electronic music into hip-hop.
Producers like Pete Rock, Gang Starr, and the Jungle Brothers began incorporating jazz and soul samples into their beats, creating a new sound that blended the raw energy of hip-hop with the lush textures of electronic music. This sound would come to be known as jazz-rap or golden age hip-hop, and it represented a significant departure from the synth-heavy sound of electro.
As the 1990s dawned, hip-hop continued to evolve and diversify, with subgenres like G-funk, boom bap, and East Coast hip-hop emerging. Each of these styles incorporated elements of electronic music in different ways, whether through the use of drum machines, samples, or synthesizers.
Overall, the fusion of hip-hop and electronic music has been a key driver of innovation in both genres, leading to the creation of countless subgenres and styles. From the early days of electro to the present day, the relationship between hip-hop and electronic music continues to evolve and shape the sound of popular music.
The Influence of Technology on EDM
The Evolution of Music Technology
The evolution of music technology has played a significant role in the development of electronic dance music (EDM). From the early days of analog synthesizers to the digital age, technological advancements have enabled artists to create new sounds and styles that have transformed the music industry.
One of the earliest examples of music technology’s impact on EDM was the invention of the synthesizer in the 1960s. The synthesizer allowed musicians to create electronic sounds that were previously impossible to produce with traditional instruments. The popularity of synthesizers grew throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and they became a staple of many EDM genres, including disco, electro, and techno.
In the 1990s, the advent of digital audio workstations (DAWs) revolutionized the way music was produced. DAWs allowed artists to record, edit, and manipulate audio tracks using a computer, which opened up new possibilities for creativity and collaboration. This led to the development of new EDM styles, such as trance and house, which were heavily influenced by the use of technology.
In the 2000s, the rise of digital distribution platforms like iTunes and Spotify transformed the music industry, making it easier for EDM artists to distribute their music to a global audience. This led to the growth of the EDM scene, with new genres and subgenres emerging constantly.
Today, technology continues to play a crucial role in the evolution of EDM. Advances in software and hardware have made it possible for artists to create complex, layered sounds and textures that were once impossible to achieve. Virtual instruments, music production software, and digital audio plugins have all contributed to the ongoing evolution of EDM, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in electronic music.
The Impact of Digital Distribution and Streaming
Digital distribution and streaming have had a profound impact on the evolution of electronic dance music (EDM). With the advent of the internet, the traditional music industry has undergone a significant transformation, and EDM has been one of the genres that have benefited the most from this change.
Increased Accessibility
One of the most significant impacts of digital distribution and streaming on EDM has been the increased accessibility of music. With the rise of music streaming platforms such as Spotify, Apple Music, and SoundCloud, listeners can now access a vast library of EDM tracks from anywhere in the world, at any time. This has opened up new opportunities for both established and emerging artists, as they can now reach a global audience without the need for physical distribution channels.
Changes in Music Consumption
Another impact of digital distribution and streaming on EDM has been the change in music consumption patterns. In the past, people would buy physical albums or singles, and the music industry was driven by sales figures. However, with the rise of streaming, the focus has shifted towards access rather than ownership. This has led to a decline in music sales, but it has also allowed artists to earn revenue from streaming royalties, which has become an increasingly important source of income for many EDM producers.
New Opportunities for Collaboration
Digital distribution and streaming have also created new opportunities for collaboration in the EDM scene. With the ability to share music files online, artists can now collaborate with each other from anywhere in the world. This has led to an explosion of creativity, as producers can draw inspiration from a wide range of musical styles and influences. In addition, the rise of social media has made it easier for artists to connect with their fans and build a following, which has helped to fuel the growth of the EDM scene.
Challenges for Independent Artists
While digital distribution and streaming have brought many benefits to the EDM scene, they have also created new challenges for independent artists. With so much music available online, it can be difficult for emerging artists to stand out from the crowd and build a following. In addition, the algorithms used by streaming platforms can be opaque, making it difficult for artists to understand how their music is being discovered and consumed by listeners. This has led to concerns about the impact of streaming on the discoverability of new music, and the need for artists to develop effective marketing strategies to promote their work.
The Future of Electronic Dance Music
The Continued Evolution of Sound and Production Techniques
Exploring New Sonic Landscapes
As electronic dance music continues to evolve, producers are constantly pushing the boundaries of sound design and production techniques. With the advancement of technology, there is an increasing focus on creating new and unique sonic landscapes.
The Influence of Technology on Production Techniques
Technology has played a significant role in shaping the future of electronic dance music. With the advent of digital audio workstations (DAWs) and virtual instruments, producers now have access to a vast array of tools to create and manipulate sound.
The Rise of Hybrid Genres
The fusion of different electronic music genres is another trend that is shaping the future of electronic dance music. Hybrid genres such as techno-house, dubstep-techno, and deep-tech are becoming increasingly popular as producers explore new sounds and push the boundaries of what is possible.
The Continued Emphasis on Live Performance
As electronic dance music continues to grow in popularity, there is a continued emphasis on live performance. With the advent of new technologies, producers are able to incorporate live elements into their performances, creating a more immersive experience for audiences.
The Role of Collaboration in Shaping the Future of Electronic Dance Music
Collaboration is becoming increasingly important in shaping the future of electronic dance music. As producers work together, they are able to share ideas and techniques, leading to the development of new sounds and production techniques.
Overall, the future of electronic dance music looks bright, with a continued emphasis on pushing the boundaries of sound and production techniques, exploring new sonic landscapes, and embracing live performance and collaboration.
The Role of Social Media and Online Communities
Social media and online communities have played a significant role in the evolution of electronic dance music (EDM). With the rise of platforms like SoundCloud, Mixcloud, and YouTube, artists have been able to share their music with a wider audience and gain exposure more easily than ever before. Social media has also enabled fans to connect with each other and share their love for EDM, creating a global community of music lovers.
One of the most significant impacts of social media on EDM has been the democratization of music production. With the rise of affordable digital audio workstations (DAWs) and music production software, anyone with a computer and a few pieces of equipment can produce their own music. Social media has provided a platform for these producers to share their music with the world, bypassing traditional gatekeepers like record labels and radio stations.
In addition to empowering independent producers, social media has also transformed the way that EDM artists promote their music. Gone are the days of relying solely on traditional media outlets to get the word out about a new release. Now, artists can use social media to directly engage with their fans, teasing new tracks, sharing behind-the-scenes content, and building excitement for upcoming shows.
However, the role of social media in EDM is not without its challenges. With so much music available online, it can be difficult for artists to stand out from the crowd and gain traction. Additionally, the democratization of music production has led to a glut of content, making it harder for quality music to rise to the top. As a result, many artists have turned to influencer marketing and social media advertising to promote their music and gain exposure.
Despite these challenges, social media and online communities remain an essential part of the EDM ecosystem. They have enabled artists to connect with fans, build communities, and promote their music in ways that were previously impossible. As technology continues to evolve, it is likely that these platforms will play an even more central role in the future of EDM.
Reflections on the Evolution of EDM
The evolution of electronic dance music (EDM) has been a remarkable journey that has witnessed the birth of numerous sub-genres and styles. From the early days of disco to the current wave of electronic music, EDM has come a long way. In this section, we will reflect on the evolution of EDM and discuss some of the key trends and developments that have shaped the genre.
One of the most significant trends in the evolution of EDM has been the emergence of new technologies that have enabled producers to create more complex and sophisticated sounds. From the early synthesizers to the latest digital audio workstations (DAWs), these tools have allowed producers to push the boundaries of what is possible in electronic music.
Another important trend has been the globalization of EDM. With the rise of the internet and social media, electronic music has become a truly global phenomenon, with producers and DJs from all over the world collaborating and sharing their music with fans from every corner of the globe.
However, despite these advances, there are still many challenges facing the EDM community. Issues such as copyright infringement, the lack of diversity and representation in the industry, and the potential negative impacts of drug use at electronic music events continue to be a source of concern for many.
Looking to the future, it is clear that EDM will continue to evolve and change in response to new technologies, cultural shifts, and the ever-changing needs and desires of its fans. Whether you are a producer, a DJ, or simply a fan of electronic music, the future of EDM is sure to be an exciting and dynamic space.
The Enduring Appeal of Electronic Music
The Allure of Electronic Instruments
One of the primary reasons behind the enduring appeal of electronic music is the versatility and creative potential offered by electronic instruments. Unlike their acoustic counterparts, electronic instruments can be easily manipulated and transformed, allowing musicians to explore new sonic territories and push the boundaries of traditional music. This has led to the development of countless subgenres of electronic music, each with its own distinct sound and character.
The Impact of Technological Advancements
Another factor contributing to the enduring appeal of electronic music is the rapid pace of technological advancements in the field. As technology continues to evolve, new tools and techniques become available to producers and artists, enabling them to create increasingly complex and sophisticated musical compositions. This has helped to maintain the interest of both listeners and creators, as they are constantly challenged to adapt and innovate in response to new technologies.
The Globalization of Electronic Music
The globalization of electronic music has also played a significant role in its enduring appeal. As electronic music has spread across borders and cultures, it has evolved and adapted to suit the unique musical traditions and preferences of different regions. This has resulted in a rich tapestry of electronic music styles, each with its own distinct cultural identity and influence. As a result, electronic music has become a truly global phenomenon, with a devoted following around the world.
The Emotional Power of Electronic Music
Finally, the enduring appeal of electronic music can be attributed to its unique ability to evoke powerful emotions in listeners. Whether it’s the pulsing energy of techno, the atmospheric textures of ambient, or the hypnotic rhythms of trance, electronic music has a knack for touching people on a deep emotional level. This is due in part to the abstract and experimental nature of electronic music, which allows it to tap into the subconscious and evoke strong emotional responses without relying on traditional melodic or harmonic structures.
Overall, the enduring appeal of electronic music can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the versatility and creative potential of electronic instruments, the impact of technological advancements, the globalization of the genre, and its unique ability to evoke powerful emotions in listeners. As electronic music continues to evolve and adapt to new technologies and cultural influences, it is likely to remain a vital and vibrant force in the world of music for years to come.
FAQs
1. When did EDM rise?
Electronic Dance Music (EDM) has its roots in the 1970s, but it wasn’t until the 1980s and 1990s that it gained widespread popularity. The rise of raving, club culture, and the development of electronic instruments and technology contributed to the growth of EDM. The 1990s saw the emergence of genres like Techno, Trance, and Hardstep, and the 2000s saw the rise of Electro, Dubstep, and EDM’s commercialization.
2. What was the first electronic music track?
The first electronic music track was created in the 1950s by American composer and inventor, Raymond Scott. However, the track was not widely known at the time. In the 1960s, electronic music began to gain recognition with the creation of synthesizers like the Moog Synthesizer, which was used by musicians to create new sounds and experiment with different styles.
3. How did the rise of raving influence EDM?
The rise of raving, or all-night dance parties, in the 1980s and 1990s played a significant role in the evolution of EDM. Raving allowed for the exploration of new sounds and the creation of new genres. Additionally, the culture of dancing and enjoying music with others influenced the growth of the EDM scene and helped it to become more accepted by mainstream society.
4. What are some notable EDM festivals?
There are many notable EDM festivals around the world, including Coachella, Tomorrowland, and Ultra Music Festival. These festivals showcase a variety of EDM genres and attract large crowds of music lovers. They are often held outdoors and feature multiple stages, live performances, and a diverse range of electronic music artists.
5. What is the difference between EDM and other types of music?
EDM is characterized by its use of electronic instruments and technology to create sound. It often features synthesized or sampled sounds and can be produced with the help of computer software. Unlike other types of music, EDM is often produced for playback by DJs who create seamless selections of tracks called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix, called a mix,
